The Antioxidant Status and Biochemical Parameters in Kid Goats Naturally Infected with Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus
Date
2018Author
Baydar, Ersoy and Yuce, Abdurrauf and Gurcay, Metin and Kizil, Omer
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Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute and highly
contagious viral disease of small ruminants. The disease is high
economical importance because of the high mortality rate. Oxidative
stress is an active field of research in small ruminant medicine and has
been implicated in numerous disease processes including sepsis,
mastitis, acidosis, enteritis, pneumonia, respiratory, and joint
diseases. Compared to human medicine, only a limited number of
conditions have been investigated in regard to the effects of oxidative
stress in small ruminants. The aim of this study was to determined and
compared the oxidative status and some biochemical parameters in kid
goats with PPR.
Materials, Methods \& Results: The study was performed on 15 healthy
hair of kid goats (control group) and 15 kids naturally infected with
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR). Competitive enzyme linked
immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) was used for serological detection of PPRV
specific antibodies, and a reverse transcription polymerase chain
reaction (RT-PCR) was performed for the detection of PPR virus.
Concentrations of plasma biochemical parameters were analysed by a
clinical chemistry analyser, and blood biochemical indices determined,
including total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate
amino transferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low
density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL). The plasma
CAT activity, plasma GSHPx activity and plasma lipid peroxidation level
was measured according to the specific methods. Besides, vitamin C
values were colorimetrically determined using a phosphotungustic method
acid method and vitamin E values were determined spectrophotometrically
method. Plasma MDA concentrations were markedly increased in the group
of kid goats with PPR (P < 0.001) whereas GSHPx (P < 0.01), and CAT (P <
0.01) activities were significantly depressed as well as concentrations
of vitamins E (P < 0.05) and vitamin C (P < 0.001). Significant
differences between groups were showed relative to plasma total protein
(P < 0.05), albumin (P < 0.05), ALP (P < 0.05), AST (P < 0.01), GGT (P <
0.05), LDH (P < 0.05), glucose (P < 0.001), VLDL (P < 0.05), LDL (P <
0.01), and HDL (P < 0.05)
Discussion: The clinical and postmortem findings of PPRV infection may
be sufficient for the diagnosis in the endemic areas, yet labaratory
confirmation is essential for definitive diagnosis because of the
clinical similarity of PPR to rinderpest. In this study used both
C-ELISA and RT-PCR in the diagnosis of suspected disease. The decrease
level of VLDL, LDL, and HDL in the kids with PPR were consistent
findings with liver damage, and the cause of decrease could be
inadequate synthesis of cholesterol that main structure of lipoproteins
due to liver dysfunction. Plasma MDA concentrations were found to be
increased in the kid goats with PPR compared to the control group, while
decreases of GSHPx and CAT activities were observed. Because of GSHPx
and CAT are involved in the conversion of radicals into less effective
metabolites, these changes coupled to the increase of MDA
concentrations, suggest that an excessive ROS production occurred during
PPR infection. This study has highlighted the occurrence of an oxidative
stress with important differences in antioxidant status as reflected by
assessment of some enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in kids
infected by PPRV. In conclusion, this study has highlighted the
occurrence of an oxidative stress with important differences in
antioxidant status as reflected by assessment of some enzymatic and
non-enzymatic antioxidants in kids infected by PPRV. Furthermore, the
liver was effected by PPRV infection.
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